WHAT IS A HOME?
WHAT IS A MORTGAGE?
A mortgage is a type of loan specifically designed to purchase real estate. In a mortgage agreement, the buyer borrows money from a bank or a mortgage lender to buy a home or other real estate. Here’s how it works: the home you purchase serves as collateral for the loan. This means if you don’t make the agreed-upon payments, the lender can take possession of the property through a legal process known as foreclosure. When you take out a mortgage, you agree to repay the loan amount, along with interest, over a specified period, usually 15 to 30 years. During this time, the lender holds a lien on your property, which is lifted once the loan is paid in full. The mortgage payments typically cover the loan’s interest cost, gradually reducing the principal balance, and may also include contributions to property taxes and insurance.
WHAT IS A REFINANCE?
Refinancing refers to the process of obtaining a new mortgage to replace your current one. Homeowners often decide to refinance for various reasons, including securing a lower interest rate, changing the duration of their mortgage, tapping into home equity, or converting from a fixed-rate to an adjustable-rate mortgage (or vice versa). Here’s how it generally works:
Research and Decision: You start by determining if refinancing makes sense for your situation. This involves assessing current mortgage rates, considering closing costs, and defining your financial goals.
Application: Much like your initial mortgage, you’ll need to apply for a refinance. This involves providing financial information to a lender.
Home Appraisal: In many cases, the lender will require a home appraisal to determine the current value of your property.
Review Terms: If approved, you’ll receive a new loan term, which could include a different mortgage rate, loan duration, and monthly payment.
Closing: The old mortgage gets paid off with the new mortgage loan. From this point on, you’ll make payments based on your refinanced loan terms.
It’s crucial to calculate the potential savings against any costs associated with refinancing to ensure it’s beneficial for your financial situation.
MORTGAGE & REFINANCE CALCULATORS
There are many mortgage calculators and refinance calculators available on the internet, here are some of the best ones that I use when calculating a mortgage payment on my next property.
MORTAGE FAQ
Absolutely! Toronto and the GTA offer several loan programs tailored for first-time homebuyers. These programs often come with unique benefits, like reduced down payments or tax incentives. Dive into our dedicated section for first-time homebuyers where we discuss these programs, criteria for eligibility, and how to navigate GTA’s mortgage market as a newcomer.
Yes, securing a mortgage with bad credit in Toronto might be challenging but not impossible. Some lenders specialize in providing mortgage solutions for those with less-than-perfect credit. Our dedicated section on bad credit mortgages in the GTA offers guidance on improving credit, understanding the impact of credit scores on loan terms, and finding the right lender for your circumstances.
A mortgage is essentially a loan secured by real estate property. When you buy a home, you might not pay the entire amount upfront. Instead, a lender provides the required funds, and you agree to repay this loan over a specified period, typically with interest. In Toronto and the broader Canadian market, there are several types of mortgages available. The most common are:
Fixed-Rate Mortgage: The interest rate remains constant throughout the term, offering predictability in monthly payments.
Variable-Rate Mortgage: The interest rate can fluctuate based on market conditions, potentially offering lower initial rates but with more variability in payments.
Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM): The interest rate is fixed for a specified period and then adjusts periodically based on specific indexes.
Interest-Only Mortgage: Borrowers pay only the interest for a specified term, after which they start paying the principal.
Convertible Mortgages: Allows borrowers to convert from variable to fixed rates without penalties.
Hybrid/Combination Mortgages: Combines features from both fixed and variable-rate mortgages.
Each type has its benefits and considerations, so it’s crucial to assess your financial situation and long-term goals when choosing a mortgage type.
A fixed-rate mortgage has an interest rate that remains constant throughout the term, while a variable rate can fluctuate based on market conditions. Both come with their advantages. For instance, fixed rates offer stability in your monthly payments, while variable rates might offer lower initial rates. Our in-depth guide on fixed vs. variable rates in the GTA provides a deeper understanding of their pros and cons, helping you decide which suits your financial situation best.
Certainly! Our GTA mortgage calculator tool is user-friendly and designed to give you an estimated monthly payment based on variables like loan amount, interest rate, and loan duration. This tool helps you budget effectively and understand how different scenarios might impact your monthly obligations.
Determining how much you qualify for begins with a mortgage pre-approval process. This entails providing a lender or mortgage broker in Toronto with information about your income, assets, debts, and credit score. They will assess these details against lending criteria and provide an estimate of the maximum mortgage amount you can afford. Remember, the pre-approved amount is the upper limit; it’s essential to consider other factors like lifestyle expenses, future financial goals, and potential changes in circumstances. To get an accurate understanding of what you qualify for, reach out to a reputable GTA lender or use online pre-approval tools to get a preliminary estimate.
Absolutely, taking out a mortgage will have an impact on your credit score, but it’s a multifaceted process. Initially, when you apply for a mortgage, the lender will perform a hard inquiry (or hard credit check) on your credit report. This hard inquiry can temporarily reduce your credit score by a few points. However, it’s important to understand that this dip is often short-lived.
If you shop for a mortgage with multiple lenders within a short time frame (typically 14-45 days, depending on the credit scoring model), these inquiries might be consolidated into one, minimizing the impact on your score. This consolidation is designed to encourage rate shopping without heavy credit penalties.
Once your mortgage is approved and you start making consistent, on-time payments, it can positively influence your credit history. Your payment history is a significant factor in your credit score calculation, so demonstrating reliability in your mortgage payments can enhance your score over time. On the other hand, missed or late payments will have a negative effect.
Moreover, having a mortgage can improve your credit mix — lenders like to see that you can manage different types of credit responsibly. As you pay down your mortgage and reduce your debt, your credit utilization ratio (amount of debt compared to your credit limits) may also improve, potentially boosting your score.
In summary, while there’s an initial dip from the credit inquiry and taking on a large loan, responsible management of a mortgage can have long-term positive effects on your credit score.
Not qualifying for a mortgage in Toronto might initially feel discouraging, but it’s essential to understand that it’s not the end of your home-buying journey. There are various reasons one might not qualify, from credit score issues to income inconsistencies. If you don’t qualify, first, gather feedback on the rejection reasons. This information will be your roadmap to improvement. Consider seeking advice from a financial adviser or a mortgage specialist. They can offer guidance on enhancing your credit, exploring alternative lending options, or considering co-signers. Remember, with the right approach and preparation, many obstacles can be overcome, and there’s always an opportunity to reapply in the future.
Congratulations! Your pre-approval letter is your golden ticket to purchasing a home. Your pre-approval letter tells you how much the bank is willing to give you to purchase a home. Now you can make an educated decision on how much you can afford, and which property suits your needs and your exact budget. The next step is to contact a realtor to help in your search in finding and securing you the home of your dreams.
Refinancing can be an excellent way to take advantage of lower interest rates or access equity in your home. The process involves replacing your current mortgage with a new one. Our GTA mortgage refinancing section offers a comprehensive breakdown of benefits, potential costs, and the steps involved. Remember, it’s essential to assess your current financial situation and future goals before deciding to refinance.
Mortgage renewal is an opportunity to renegotiate your loan terms when your current mortgage term ends. In the Greater Toronto Area, understanding your options can result in significant savings. Our detailed guide on mortgage renewals provides insights into timing, how to shop for better rates, and considerations to ensure you’re maximizing the benefits during renewal.
Home equity loans are a way to tap into the value you’ve built up in your home. Essentially, you’re borrowing against your home’s equity (the difference between the property’s value and any outstanding mortgages). Our dedicated section on home equity loans in Toronto breaks down how they work, the potential uses, interest rates, and the benefits and risks associated.
MORTGAGE GLOSSARY
A
AGREEMENT OF PURCHASE AND SALE
The legal contract between a purchaser and a seller. A professional REALTOR® has the knowledge and experience to best protect you with the most suitable clauses and conditions.
AMORTIZATION PERIOD
The number of years it takes to repay the entire amount of the financing based on a set of fixed payments.
APPRAISAL
The process of determining the market value of a property.
ASSETS
What you own or can call upon. Often used in determining net worth or in securing financing.
ASSUMPTION AGREEMENT
A legal document signed by a buyer that requires the buyer to assume responsibility for the obligations of an existing mortgage. If someone assumes your mortgage, make sure that you get a release from the mortgage company to ensure that you are no longer liable for the debt.
B
BLENDED PAYMENTS
Equal payments consisting of both an interest and a principal component. Typically, while the payment amount does not change, the principal portion increases, while the interest portion decreases.
C
CANADA MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORATION (CMHC)
CMHC is a federal Crown corporation that administers the National Housing Act (NHA). Among other services, they also insure mortgages for lenders that are greater than 80% of the purchase price or value of the home. The cost of that insurance is paid for by the borrower and is generally added to the mortgage amount. These mortgages are often referred to as ‘Hi-Ratio’ mortgages.
CLOSED MORTGAGES
A mortgage that cannot be prepaid or renegotiated for a set period of time without penalties.
CLOSING DATE
The date on which the new owner takes possession of the property and the sale becomes final.
COLLATERAL
An asset, such as term of deposit, Canada Savings Bond, or automobile, that you offer as security for a loan.
CONVENTIONAL MORTGAGE
A mortgage up to 80% of the purchase price or the value of the property. A mortgage exceeding 80% is referred to as a ‘Hi-Ratio’ mortgage and the lender will require insurance for that mortgage.
CREDIT SCORING
A system that assesses a borrower on a number of items, assigning points that are used to determine the borrower’s credit worthiness.
D
DEMAND LOAN
A loan where the balance must be repaid upon request.
DEPOSIT
A sum of money deposited in trust by the purchaser on making an offer to purchase. When the offer is accepted by the vendor (seller), the deposit is held in trust by the listing real estate broker, lawyer, or notary until the closing of the sale, at which point it is given to the vendor. If a house does not close because of the purchaser’s failure to comply with the terms set out in the offer, the purchaser forgoes the deposit, and it is given to the vendor as compensation for the breaking of the contract (the offer).
E
EQUITY
The difference between the market value of the property and any outstanding mortgages registered against the property. This difference belongs to the owner of that property.
F
FIRST MORTGAGE
A debt registered against a property that has first call on that property.
FIXED-RATE MORTGAGE
A mortgage for which the interest is set for the term of the mortgage.
G
GROSS DEBT SERVICE RATIO (GDS)
It is one of the mathematical calculations used by the lenders to determine a borrower’s capacity to repay a mortgage. It takes into account the mortgage payments, property taxes, approximate heating costs, and 50% of any maintenance fees, and this sum is then divided by the gross income of the applicants. Ratios up to 32% are acceptable.
GUARANTOR
A person with an established credit rating and sufficient earnings who guarantees to repay the loan for the borrower if the borrower does not.
H
HIGH-RATIO MORTGAGE
A mortgage that exceeds 80% of the purchase price or appraised value of the property. This type of mortgage must be insured. To avoid the cost of the insurance, a 1st mortgage up to 80% is arranged and a 2nd mortgage for the balance (up to 90% of the purchase price).
I
INTEREST ADJUSTMENT DATE (IAD)
The date on which the mortgage terms will begin. This date is usually the first date of the month following the closing. The interest cost for those days from the closing date to the first of the month are usually paid at closing. That is why it is always better to close your deal towards the end of the month.
INTEREST-ONLY MORTGAGE
A mortgage on which only the monthly interest cost is paid each month. The full principal remains outstanding. The payment is lower than an amortized mortgage since one is not paying any principal.
M
MORTGAGE
A mortgage is a loan that uses a piece of the real estate as a security. Once that loan is paid-off, the lender provides a discharge for that mortgage.
MORTGAGEE
The financial institution or person (lender) who is lending the mortgage.
MORTGAGOR
The person who borrows the money using a mortgage.
O
OPEN MORTGAGE
A mortgage that can be repaid at any time during the term without any penalty. For this convenience, the interest rate is between 0.75-1.00% higher than a closed mortgage. A good option if you are planning to sell your property or pay-off the mortgage entirely.
P
P.I.T.
Principal Interest, and property tax due on a mortgage. If your down payment is greater than 25% of the purchase price or appraised value, the lender will allow you to make your own property tax payments.
PORTABLE MORTGAGE
An existing mortgage that can be transferred to a new property. One would want to port their mortgage in order to avoid any penalties, or if the interest rate is much lower than the current rates.
PREPAYMENT PENALTY
A fee charged a borrower by the lender when the borrower prepays all or part of a mortgage over and above the amount agreed upon. Although there is no law as to how a lender can charge you the penalty, a usual charge is the greater of the Interest Rate Differential (IRD) or 3 months interest.
PRIME
The lowest rate a financial institution charges its best customers.
PRINCIPAL
The original amount of a loan, before interest.
R
RATE COMMITMENT
The number of days the lender will guarantee the mortgage rate on a mortgage approval. This can vary lender to lender anywhere from 30 to 120 days.
RENEWAL
When the mortgage term has concluded, your mortgage is up for renewal. It is open at this time for prepayment in part or in full, then renew with the same lender or transfer to another lender at no cost.
S
SECOND MORTGAGE
A debt registered against a property that is secured by a second charge on the property.
SWITCH
To transfer an existing mortgage from one financial institution to another.
T
TERM
The period of time that the financing agreement covers. The terms available are: 6 month,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10 year terms, and the interest rates will be fixed for whatever term one chooses.
TOTAL DEBT SERVICE (TDS) RATIO
It is the other mathematical calculations used by lenders to determine a borrower’s capacity to repay a mortgage. It takes into account the mortgage payments, property taxes, approximate heating costs, and 50% of any maintenance fees, and any other monthly obligations (i.e. personal loans, car payments, lines of credit, credit cards debts, other mortgages, etc.), and this sum is then divided by the gross income of the applicants. Ratios up to 40% are acceptable.
V
VARIABLE RATE MORTGAGE
A mortgage for which the interest rate fluctuates based on changes in prime.
VENDOR TAKE BACK (VTB) MORTGAGE
A mortgage provided by the vendor (seller) to the buyer.